The English immediately invaded and the Scottish army was soon defeated at Dunbar by Cromwell, who then captured Edinburgh. In June 1650, Charles signed the Solemn League and Covenant and landed in Scotland. Their rule showed a real concern for the poor and oppressed, and they passed strict laws against injustice and moral sins and witchcraft. ![]() Between the failure of the Engagement in 1648 and the Battle of Dunbar (see below) in 1650, the Covenanters were in control of the government of Scotland. ![]() Although the Covenanters had disagreed with Charles, they also disagreed with killing the king, and the Scottish Parliament immediately declared his son, Charles II, who was living in Holland, as the new king. A week later however, the English Parliament executed Charles I. The army raised to fight the English was soon defeated at Preston in 1648.įollowing this, the strict Covenanters gained control of Parliament and in January 1649 they passed the Act of Classes which removed those who had taken part in the Engagement from the army and from important jobs. This agreement, known as the Engagement, was agreed to by the Scottish Parliament, but the General Assembly weren’t happy with it. On 26 December 1647 some of the Scottish nobles secretly visited Charles and promised that they would raise an army in Scotland to attack England if he would allow Presbyterianism to be set up for three years. In 1645, Charles I had been finally defeated by Oliver Cromwell and became a prisoner of the English Parliament. During the years between 16 the Covenanters were in control in Scotland, but also became divided because of a number of disagreements over their attitude to king Charles’ son, Charles II.
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